Precision and Accuracy in the Use of Language

Jim Mason
5 min readApr 2, 2019
Photo by Linda Perez Johannessen on Unsplash

Do the words “precise” and “accurate” mean different things to you? Wiktionary (https://en.wiktionary.org) gives three definitions for each of them:

precise (comparative more precise, superlative most precise)

  1. exact, accurate; antonyms: inexact, imprecise
  2. (sciences, of experimental results) consistent, clustered close together, agreeing with each other (this does not mean that they cluster near the true, correct, or accurate value); antonyms: inconsistent, varying
  3. adhering too much to rules; prim or punctilious

accurate (comparative more accurate, superlative most accurate)

  1. Telling the truth or giving a true result; exact; not defective or faulty
  2. Deviating only slightly or within acceptable limits.
  3. (obsolete) Precisely fixed; executed with care; careful.

For purposes of this discussion I will ignore the third definitions of them, which are irrelevant to the points I want to make here. What I want to focus on is the distinction that is made in the second definition of “precise”, where it is contrasted with the meaning of “accurate”. That distinction is also made in this example of usage (again from Wiktionary): 1921, Bertrand Russell, The Analysis of Mind:

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Jim Mason
Jim Mason

Written by Jim Mason

I study language, cognition, and humans as social animals. You can support me by joining Medium at https://jmason37-80878.medium.com/membership